Birgid Schlindwein's
Hypermedia Glossary Of Genetic Terms
Search Results
Birgid Schlindwein'sHypermedia Glossary Of Genetic TermsSearch Results |
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| Plastid | A cell-body (organellae) in plants other than nucleus, mitochondria and centrosome. Proplastides develop to leukoplasts (or etioplasts in the absence of light) which develop to chloroplasts and/or chromoplasts. All types of plastides can transform into each other. Their shape and function differs. Senescent plastids are called gerontoplasts. They have their own DNA (ctDNA) and ribosomes |
| Nucleus | The term introduced by Brown (1833) for the more or less spherical structure which occures in cells and stains deeply with basic dyes. The cellular organelle in eukaryotes that contains the genetic material. |
| Mitochondria | Granular, rod-shaped, or filamentous self-replicating organellae in cytoplasm. Consist of an outer and inner membrane and function in cell respiration and nutrition. They have their own DNA (mtDNA) and ribosomes and are mostly maternally inherited. |
| Chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) | The circular, superhelical double-strand DNA of the chloroplasts. The structure is two inverted repeats separating one small single copy and one large single copy. This structure is very similar in most plants, the size varies between 120 and 160 kb. The chloroplast genome consists of about 100 protein coding genes, 30 tRNAs genes and 4 rRNAs genes. Most chloroplast proteins are coded for by the nuclear genome, synthesised in the cytoplasm and transproted into the organelle. |
| Ribosome | The term proposed by Roberts (1958)for the small cellular components (Gk. soma, body) composed of specialized ribosomal RNA and protein (ribonucleoprotein); site of protein synthesis. Plastids and mitochondria have their own ribosomes (plasto- and mitoribosomes) |